2Introduction: Intellectual disability children have many problems with Cognitive functions, and a comparison of the effectiveness of Cognitive Games can have useful results. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Computerized and non-Computerized Cognitive Games on problem-solving and Cognitive flexibility in intellectually disabled children. Methods: This study in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with a control group. The research population was the educable intellectual disability female students of the first elementary period of Ahvaz city in the academic years of 2022-23. The research sample was calculated for each group of 12 people, which these people were selected by the purposive sampling method and replaced into three equal groups. The first experimental group was trained in 20 sessions of 45-minute Cognitive Games with Captain's Log Computerized software, the second experimental group was trained in 20 sessions of 45-minute Cognitive Games without the software, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools included a demographic information form, Tower of Hanoi Computerized test, and Wisconsin Cards Sorting Computerized test, and data were analyzed by methods of chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age and educational level (P>0.05). Also, Computerized and non-Computerized Cognitive Games compared to the control group led to improved problem-solving and Cognitive flexibility in educable intellectual disability children, and the results were maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.001). In addition, the effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Games in compared to non-Computerized Cognitive Games was higher in improving the problem-solving and Cognitive flexibility (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health professionals and therapists can use Computerized Cognitive Games along with other effective methods to improve Cognitive functions.

2Introduction: One of the common problems of intellectual disability children is difficulty in Cognitive functions. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Computerized and non-Computerized Cognitive Games on sustained attention and planning in educable intellectual disability children. Methods: This study in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with a control group. The research population was the educable intellectual disability female students of the first elementary period of Ahvaz city in the academic years of 2022-23. The research sample was calculated for each group of 12 people, which these people were selected by the purposive sampling method and by simple random with lottery replaced in three groups (12 people in each group). The first experimental group was trained 20 sessions of 45-minute Cognitive Games with Captain's Log Computerized software, the second experimental group was trained 20 sessions of 45-minute Cognitive Games without the software, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools included a demographic information form, continuous performance Computerized test, and Tower of London Computerized test, and data were analyzed by methods of chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-19 software. Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age and educational level (P>0.05). Also, both methods of Computerized and non-Computerized Cognitive Games in comparison to the control group increased sustained attention and planning in educable intellectual disability children and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). In addition, the effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Games in compared to the non-Computerized Cognitive Games was higher in increasing both variables of sustained attention and planning (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the greater effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Games in compared to non-Computerized Cognitive Games in increasing the Cognitive functions of sustained attention and planning. Therefore, specialists, psychologists, and consultants can use the method of Computerized Cognitive Games to improve Cognitive functions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive computer Games and play therapy based on Cognitive rehabilitation on the working memory of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). This research was carried out using a semi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. Among the statistical population of 7 to 12 year old children suffering from ADHD, referred to Razi Counseling Center in Karaj city. 24 cases were selected by available method in 2021-2022. Samples randomly replaced in Cognitive computer Games, play therapy based on Cognitive rehabilitation and control groups (8 cases in each group). The experimental groups received 12 sessions of intervention. Karchner's N-back test was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The findings showed that Cognitive computer Games and game therapy based on Cognitive rehabilitation are effective on working memory of ADHD children and Cognitive computer Games was more effective than play therapy. According to the research results, Cognitive computer game training has a more significant effect on the working memory of ADHD children, and psychologists are recommended to pay more attention to this intervention to strengthen working memory.

Background and Aim: The Stroop Color-Word test is a common and quick tool for assessing selective attention. This study was run to evaluate application of Stroop Cognitive test in assessment of selective attention.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented during 6 months from June to November, 2010 on 84 healthy adults (42 males and 42 females). All participants performed Computerized Stroop test after signing consent. The cases were examined before the test to confirmtheir health status and were trained for the test.Results: The obtained data indicate that there is a significant correlation coefficient between age, gender and education variables (p<0.05).Conclusion: The above-mentioned test can be used to assess selective attention.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Cone-beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) linear measurements in dry mandibles by comparing them with direct measurements.Methods: Two human dry mandibles were used in this study. Thirteen sites were selected on each mandible. Specimens were scanned by CBCT and linear measurements were made using Planmeca Romexis 2.3.0.R software. Mandibles were cut into sections at marked locations and the same distances were measured by a digital caliper. Differences between two methods were assessed using paired t- test.Results: The mean differences for bone height, bone width and the crest-canal distance between CBCT and digital caliper measurements were -0.47±1 mm, -0.14±0.78 mm and 0.00±0.76 mm respectively. The differences were only, significant for bone height measurements (P<0.05). There was a high carreltion between the result of CBCT and gold standard.Conclusion: The results of this in-vitro study on mandible indicate that, although there is a statistically significant difference for bone height measurements between the two methods, the difference is not significant in clinical applications. Thus, CBCT was shown to be a useful technique for preoperative dental implant planning.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder with a high rate of incurability and recurrence. Numerous studies have suggested that one of the characteristics of MDD is Cognitive defi cits, such as defi ciency in executive function (EF), leading to disturbance in a number of higher-order mental processes that control cognition, emotion, and behavior, essential for fl exible thinking and actions (1). Accordingly, a signifi cant number of individuals with MDD report their Cognitive symptoms during and after a depression episode, and despite established treatments, such as psychotherapy and antidepressant drugs, Cognitive defi cits persist even after recovery (2). Imaging studies on individuals with depression have also shown structural and functional changes in the prefrontal areas critical for executive processes with a general pattern of hypofrontality (3). Previous studies have also emphasized the signifi cance of EF in a wide range of related clinical factors in MDD and defi ciency in EF that is associated with less improvement in long-term depression (4) and reduced impact of antidepressant drugs (5).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Computerized Cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CCRT) on improvement of mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) and working memory capacity (WM) in elderly women. This study was a quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group with a one month follow-up. Subjects included 16 elderly women 65 years and older with mild Cognitive impairment and low capacity of working memory at the Mehrpouyan elderly home in Behbahan city in 2018-2019. They were selected with an available sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. Each group included 8 persons. To evaluate the Main Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (Fulestine et, al., 1975) and the Working Memory Capacity Test (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). The experimental group was trained for 8 session with a memory rehabilitation software and the control group did not received any training. Data was analyzed with mixed analysis of variance. The scores from the MMSE and the Working Memory Capacity of the experimental group increased dramatically. As a result, Computerized Cognitive rehabilitation had a significant effect on the improvement of Cognitive impairment and the capacity of working memory in elderly women.